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おじいちゃん， お爺ちゃん， お祖父ちゃん

1. grandpa, granddad

tbd

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おばあちゃん， お婆ちゃん， お祖母ちゃん

1. granny, grandma, gran 2. old lady, old woman

tbd

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これまで， これ迄， 此れまで， 是迄， 此れ迄

1. so far, up to now, hitherto 2. that's enough (for today), it ends here

到目前为止，迄今为止

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何も， なにも， なんも

1. (not) anything, (nothing) at all, (not) any, nothing 2. and everything else, and all 3. (not) at all, (not) in the least, (not) especially, (not) to that extent

tbd

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わかる， 分かる， 解る， 判る， 分る

1. to understand, to comprehend, to grasp, to see, to get, to follow 2. to become clear, to be known, to be discovered, to be realized, to be realised, to be found out 3. I know!, I think so too!

明白，理解；清楚，明确、被了解、被发现、被认识、被实现；明白！我也这么想！

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と

1. if, when 2. and 3. with 4. used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.) 5. promoted pawn 6. indicates a question

表示引用

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の

1. indicates possessive 2. nominalizes verbs and adjectives 3. substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases 4. (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion 5. (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis 6. (at sentence-end, risi...

句尾起强调作用；助词，表示所有关系

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こと， 事， 縡

1. thing, matter 2. incident, occurrence, event, something serious, trouble, crisis 3. circumstances, situation, state of affairs 4. work, business, affair 5. after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not ...

tbd

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は

1. indicates sentence topic 2. indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated) 3. adds emphasis

指示句子的主题；表示与另一选项（无论是否明确提及）形成对比；表示强调

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