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を
1. indicates direct object of action
2. indicates subject of causative expression
3. indicates an area traversed
4. indicates time (period) over which action takes place
5. indicates point of departure or separation of action
6. indicates object of d...
表示动作的直接对象;表示经过的场所;表示离开或分开的点
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招く, まねく
1. to invite, to ask
2. to beckon, to wave someone in, to gesture to
3. to call in, to send for, to summon
4. to bring on oneself, to cause, to incur, to lead to, to result in
邀请;请求;示意、向某人招手、做手势示意;召唤;请来;派人前来;使自己遭受,导致,引起,致使,造成
は
1. indicates sentence topic
2. indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated)
3. adds emphasis
指示句子的主题;表示与另一选项(无论是否明确提及)形成对比;表示强调